Always use proper form when climbing stairs – don’t rely on momentum. 2. Myth #3: It will make your legs bigger and bulkier. However, before starting the stair climbing exercises, it is. Sustainability Weight Management Want to Burn Hip Fat? Try These 10 Exercise Options When it comes to reducing hip fat, the right diet and exercise may. Signs and symptoms that warrant a visit to a healthcare provider include: Severe pain that limits your ability to walk, navigate stairs, or function normally. Start off with an easy 2-minute warmup, then start with intervals of 30 seconds of fast-paced climbing, followed by 30 seconds at your regular pace. Climbing stairs can help burn calories and fat, slimming the padding around your hips, butt and thighs, according to MSN Healthy Living. Always lead with the high foot. Bulgarian Lunges. Weight-bearing aerobic activities such as stair climbing can help reduce the rate of bone loss while providing cardiovascular benefits. Does climbing stairs reduce hips? Stair climbing is a low-impact, high-intensity exercise that can really get. Running hills or stair climbing builds strength and stamina to tackle the steepest parts of your hike. Repeat for 10 repetitions. It can be made worse by activities such as climbing stairs, squatting, jumping, cycling, skiing, running, sitting with the knees flexed for a long time, or a combination of these. SPORFIT Stair Stepper Exercise Machine,Mini Steppers Under Desk,Stair Climber w/Handlebar and Resistance Band,Twist Stepper Equipment for Home Gym Check Price on Amazon HEKA Vertical Climber for Home Workout, Full Body Workout Vertical Climbing Machine for Home Gym Exercise, Folding Spinning Bike Fitness Stair Stepper. Bend your left knee to lower into a lunge, keeping your hips square and facing forward. 1. “But they won’t be effective if you keep doing the work or activity. Injections aren’t for everyone. Difficulty getting out of a chair or coming up from a squat. Repeat on the other leg. Does stair climbing reduce hips and thighs? Stair climbing is great for toning and sculpting your lower body. Climbing the stairs burns about the same amount of calories per minute as swimming, jumping rope or jogging. 5. It increases your breathing and oxygen intake also increases during stair climbing. The stair climber provides a targeted workout to the glutes, thighs, hips, and abdominals. Repeat three times for each side. Climbing stairs is great for your legs. Stair climbing activates your core muscles in your legs, such as your hamstrings, quads, calves and gluts. Making sure to keep your neck and shoulders relaxed, bend the knees until your reach a squatted position, with knees at a 90 degree angle. 3 Difficulty For Some. 2 Time-Consuming. Focus on your inner and outer thighs with lateral lunges and band leg side raises; and hit your hamstrings with. Does Stair Climbing Reduce Thighs. The incidence of AF was distributed across the stair climbing groups <20%, 20–39%, 40–59%, and ≥60% as follows: 3. For this exercise, you need to sit on the floor by taking the support of a solid surface like a gym bench. Warm Up Your Knee. The goal of hip arthritis treatment is to relieve pain and maintain the function of the hip. Gluteus Maximus. 7. Stairs Climbing. Glute medius tendonitis. Climbing stairs can also help build muscle mass in the lower body. Step climbing, whether climbing stairs or training on a stair climbing machine, is a high-intensity exercise that has a low-impact effect on lower body joints. There are some simple things we could do to reduce the incidence of hip dysplasia now if we understand a few basic things. This stresses your bones, stimulating new bone growth and increasing your bone density. Stair steppers are fairly common in commercial gyms, but the more robust versions of these machines may. The main function of the glutes is to move the hips and thighs, so it is an integral part of the movement that comes with climbing stairs. It engages multiple muscles. So don’t assume lameness is due to hip dysplasia — to reach a diagnosis requires tests. RHex climbs stair #4. Stair climbing is a vertical exercise where you push down to lift your entire body up a stair. When combined with proper diet, step climbing reduces excess body fat and body weight, resulting in thinner thighs . Your leg and hip muscles help move your joints in a variety of ways. You can hurt your knee going up or down stairs. Incline walking blasts more calories than walking on flat ground. Osteoarthrosis affects 13. Please note that these values are approximate and can vary based on factors such as body weight, intensity, and individual fitness level. Without moving your feet, push your knees away from one another and out to the side (pitching your torso forward if needed), then bring them back to your starting position. Stair stepper machines work a range of muscle groups, primarily in the lower body. They also offer effective workouts that burn calories and tone your lower half—just to name a few benefits. The glute muscles are located at your buttocks, and they are one of the strongest muscles in your body. Climbing stairs. However, burning calories and reducing excess fat does not mean that using a stair stepper will spot-reduce fat away from your backside and legs. Hip extension, knee extension and ankle flexion are involved in both disciplines, meaning you are engaging your buttocks, thighs and hips. Climbing stairs with a stair climber or climbing a flight of stairs will exercise your body’s largest muscle groups, specifically, your gluteal muscles. 4. Stairs provide a great opportunity to work and stretch the muscles and ligaments surrounding the hip, including the glutes, quadriceps, and hip flexors. 2. Stepper machines help you get a workout similar to climbing stairs with the added benefits of allowing you to change resistance and complete your workout in a climate-controlled environment. Increases Core Muscle Strength: Climbing stairs is a great way to amp your core muscle strength. The pain will increase with activities such as walking or climbing stairs; it could radiate down the outside of the thigh to the knee area causing limpinig of the affected. During this time. RELATED: 5 Perfect Exercises for Defined, Lean Legs. Incline walking usually requires long periods and higher speeds, resulting in more immediate cardio caloric burn. Musculoskeletal pain can occur suddenly or can build up and get worse over time. Squat Exercises to Reduce Thigh Fat Sumo squats. Moving on flat ground engages your leg muscles, while. Pro tip: To add challenge, sink into a squat while moving laterally. These include the glutes, the hamstrings, the quads, the hip flexors, the calves, and the abdominal muscles. There are several types of myositis. Examples include walking, dancing, low-impact aerobics, elliptical training machines, stair climbing and gardening. How many calories does 15 flights of stairs burn? Most nutritionists say that you burn about 2. Do Stairs Make Your Legs. Burg. Stay active: Keep moving and on your feet throughout the day. Your gluteus maximus, in your buttocks, and adductor magnus extend your hips. When descending the stairs, lead with the cane, followed by the weaker leg, and then come down with the stronger leg. If you're trying to build and strengthen the muscles in your glutes, a stair climber may be a more suitable option than incline walking. Myositis. 2. ACV contains essential enzymes and minerals like calcium, magnesium, and potassium. There are a few reasons hip pain and stairs go hand-in-hand. Does stair climbing reduce hips and thighs? It can burn a lot of calories if you climb the stairs, but you won’t see a drop in your thigh circumference. 3. 1 Risk Of Injury. It’s often used to gauge your mobility and stamina, fitness level after an injury, and whether it’s safe to resume sex after a heart attack. Tones & Sculpts Your Body: It also engages every major muscle in your lower body — glutes, hamstrings, quadriceps, abs and calves to exercise and thus tones your body better. I know that stair climbing is actually good for bone health but what about the risk of falling down the stairs?The essential stair climbing muscles worked include: #1. In addition to your legs, it also targets all of those trouble spots; your bum, tums, thighs and hips. Stand up straight with your feet in a close, comfortable stance. Photo: Shutterstock. How many stairs should I climb a day to lose weight? If a flight of stairs has 20 steps, you can burn calories by climbing up and down. 1) All puppies are born with perfectly normal hips. The height of each bar represents the mean for the total sample. Along with these benefits is the immense good it does for your lungs and cardio vascular system. Video of the Day Tip. For weight-bearing activities, your body burns calories in proportion to your body weight. Piriformis syndrome symptoms may remain constant throughout the day or flare with physical activities that include movements of the hip and legs, such as sitting, walking, climbing stairs, and. Treatment will depend on the cause of a person’s hip pain. Stairmaster level 10. 0 mph, this 160-lb. A dog with a thorn in a back paw will also be lame, and it’s nothing to do with their hip. When combined with proper diet, step climbing reduces excess body fat and body weight, resulting in thinner thighs. Of course, it could even be more. Keep your neck and back in a neutral position during this exercise. "Stair climbing is an excellent form of overall exercise for older adults because. Extend one leg in front of you as high as you can comfortably hold it without bringing your hips out of line. Wear Resistance Bands While Climbing Stairs. 2. If an average flight of stairs has about 20 steps, you burn 15 calories climbing up, and 5 calories climbing down. 5 Hip Labral Tear 2 How Stair Climbing Differs from Flat Surface Walking 3 Immediate Relief Strategies for Hip Pain 4. As a result, regular stair-climbing could reduce the risk of osteoporosis and fractures later in life. Leg Press Machine. Filled dots indicate legs in stance, and open circles are legs in flight. Does stair climbing reduce hips and thighs? Stair climbing is a great way to get in shape. Repeat on the other leg. It targets all of the trouble spots on your body, including your legs. Bend the opposite knee and rest the sole of your foot on your inner thigh. Maintaining good posture is essential if you want to alleviate hip pain while walking up stairs. Does stair-climbing reduce hips and thighs? Stair climbing can help tone and sculpt your lower body, reducing hips, thighs andbums. Osteoarthritis. While climbing stairs, your hips and your knees are bent and extended utilizing many muscle groups, primarily your quadriceps, the front of your thighs and buttocks. The physical action of climbing stairs has a specific effect on the muscles in your hip area, and a stair stepper machine is designed to give you just that type of exercise. Does stair climbing reduce hips and thighs? Climbing stairs is one of the best exercises when it comes to pure FAT BURN, strengthening the lower body, toning the butt, thighs, calves, losing inches from those love handles and belly and building great abs. 2. First, it is important to warm up the muscles before attempting to climb stairs. If joint pain or recent. Advertisement. Slide your body forward until you feel a slight pull in the front of your hip and thigh of the leg that is on the floor. 69 (0. Place the ankle of your hip with bursitis onto your opposite thigh near your knee. "You're able to work through a [large] range of motion at the hip and knee which can benefit your butt muscles, as well as the. Cycling, the elliptical, stair master, stair or uphill running, etc. Along with these benefits is the immense good it does for your lungs and cardio vascular system. The average person burns 60-100 calories every 15 minutes of climbing the stairs at a slow pace, and 50-90 calories every 15 minutes descending the stairs. A survey conducted by American Council on Exercise certified fitness professionals ranked stair climbing as one of the top five exercises for lower body muscles. Stronger core muscles help improve posture, prevent lower back pain, and reduce the risk of injury. Lean protein sources: Protein is a great source of energy, and can help you lose weight. 5 mph burns approximately 277 calories per hour on a treadmill. At toe-off, or 0% stride, the sound side for the 4-in stairs experiences some initial flexion of −8. The essential stair climbing muscles worked include: #1. In this case, reduce the amount you slide forward or stop the stretch. Does mountain climbing reduce hips and thighs?. (Intense pain means you're stretching too far. In case you feel too tired while climbing stairs, feel out of breath, dizzy or uncomfortable, sit down and rest for some time. It also works the hip flexors, activated when lifting the legs. The number of calories burned on the stairs depends on your weight, speed on the stairs, and load you’re carrying. Over time, this persistent inflammation weakens muscles, often resulting in muscle aches, pain, and fatigue. The stair climber is an effective and efficient tool for either adding more muscle around your abdomen or losing extra fat in that area. Climbing stairs can help burn calories and fat, slimming the padding around your hips, butt and thighs, according to MSN Healthy Living. 46, and 2. Along with these benefits is the immense good it does for your lungs and cardio vascular system. Cramping and sharp pain. This calorie burn is essential to helping your thighs look slimmer. 700-1000 calories. For every 20 minutes of stair climbing, depending on your weight, you burn anywhere from 130 to 170 calories. Rest your feet on the floor with your knees bent at 90-degree angles. Along with these benefits is the immense good it does for your lungs and cardio vascular. The more you start making it a routine to climb stairs, the more you can get the benefits of climbing stairs and encourage your family, friends, and colleagues to do the same as well. Stair climbing activates your core muscles in your legs, such as your hamstrings, quads, calves and gluts. Flex the hips and bend at the knees, keeping the knees in line with the toes. Place a resistance band around your thighs or knees and jump one step at a time. Stair climbing activates your core muscles in your legs, such as your hamstrings, quads, calves and gluts. Stair climbing can be a challenging activity, but tight and toned legs, improved cardiovascular fitness levels and weight loss are some of the benefits this exercise has to offer. It works all of your hip and leg muscles, including the hip flexors, adductors and abductors, plus the quadriceps, hamstrings, glutes and calves. Setting the Tone. Muscle Strain: One common cause of hip pain when ascending stairs is a muscle strain. Physical Benefits. The Basics . Stair climbing strengthens and tones the muscles that control the movement of your hips. 0 mph, this 160-lb. It is just an excellent full-body workout. Climbing stairs is low impact so it's relatively easy on your feet, ankles, knees and hips — ideal if you are overweight or have joint issues normally made worse by high-impact activities like running or jumping. In addition, as stair walking progresses, the body is lifted at the same time as it is moved horizontally 5). Burn excess fat: Climbing stairs is also a form of exercise that helps burn excess fat and increases muscles such as leg muscles, thigh muscles, hip muscles, toning abdominal muscles. Climbing stairs can also help build muscle mass in the lower body. There are some simple things we could do to reduce the incidence of hip dysplasia now if we understand a few basic things. Hold for three seconds at the top, then lower your hips back down. Low Impact Workout: You don’t have to ideally sweat it out while. lean protein sources like fish, chicken, turkey, and eggs are great options. One-year increase in age was associated with 0. Does Walking Reduce Hips And Thighs. Do bodyweight squats. Squats. Does climbing stairs reduce hips? Stair climbing is a low-impact, high-intensity exercise that can really get your heart pumping. A perfect way to tone thighs, calves and strengthen joint muscles. Leg pain can stem from a sprain, which is a stretched or torn ligament, or from strains — or injuries to the muscles or tendons. For this exercise, you need to sit on the floor by taking the support of a solid surface like a gym bench. Climbing stairs does not reduce hip size – there is no scientific evidence to support this claim. They exert more force on their knee joints. Climbing stairs is one of the best exercises when it comes to pure FAT BURN, strengthening the lower body, toning the butt, thighs, calves, losing inches from those love handles and belly and building great abs. Pain, swelling, and stiffness are the primary symptoms of arthritis. Does climbing stairs reduce breast size? If you want to reduce the size of the breast, climbing stairs is a good way to do it. Repetitive activities like climbing stairs or surgery to the hip can cause the bursa to become inflamed. 96). Thigh pain that is severe accompanied by high fever, chills, and spreading redness. Jump squats. Step climbing, whether climbing stairs or training on a stair climbing machine, is a high-intensity exercise that has a low-impact effect on lower body joints. sensory-motor mechanisms and to identify older adults at high risk of falls in order to intervene in these risks and reduce stair climbing falls and injuries. Thigh pain with redness, swelling, and warmth of your skin. ” The study looked at the effect of climbing stairs on the hips of healthy adults and found that there was no significant difference in the hips of those who climbed stairs or those who did not climb stairs. Stand barefoot on one leg for one minute, then switch sides. It usually develops slowly over time with symptoms that range in severity. Whether you're climbing the Stair Master at the gym, a flight of stairs at the office or training to be the next Rocky, proper form is keeping the shoulders over the hips, hips over the ankles. Stair climbing mimics the muscles you use when you push down on the pedals during a cycling workout, engaging your core and improving pedaling power and strength. Stair climbing improves cardiovascular health and builds bone and muscles. On the contrary, active hip flexion in decubitus elicits a compensatory, more pronounced back tilt to facilitate hip flexion without impingement. This means that it does not exert as much force on your ankles, knees, and hips, which can help them stay healthy over time. It is just an excellent full-body workout. Aaptiv trainer Kelly Chase says this is the No. According to NutriStratgey, a 155-pound person can burn 1,056 calories in one hour of running up stairs. Without moving your feet, push your knees away from one another and out to the side (pitching your torso forward if needed), then bring them back to your starting position. Lie on your back with your knees bent and feet flat. Interval training is a great way to make your stair workout more effective. If, however, you climb stairs with a hip-dominant movement pattern, you bear the weight. Along with these benefits is the immense good it does for your lungs and cardio vascular system. According ACE, a 130-pound person might expect to burn 140 calories during a 30. Bend the opposite knee and rest the sole of your foot on your inner thigh. It may be hard to walk without limping. 35 to 40 minutes should include a great warm up and an extremely important cool down. 1) All puppies are born with perfectly normal hips. Stair climbing is an exercise that uses your natural body weight to tone muscles in the hips, buttocks and thighs. According to Tufts Medical Center, a 135-pound woman burns approximately 163 calories in 20 minutes of stair climbing. Stair climbing lights up your lower body in all the right places. Possible Causes of Hip Pain When Going Up Stairs. 1. 2. Hip Thrusts - Barbell, banded, foot elevated, machine. The same 160-lb. Stair climbing targets muscles in your legs and hips, but light weights help bring your. 3. Pain increasing with exercise such as periods of walking, standing or running. Conclusion Does stair climbing reduce hip fat? Climbing stairs is one of the best exercises when it comes to pure FAT BURN, strengthening the lower body, toning the butt, thighs, calves, losing inches from those love handles and belly and building great abs. two days of good cardio, two days of light workout which includes climbing stairs, skipping, and walking 10,000 steps. Hold this position for 15 - 30 seconds if you can. Of course, it could even be more. Does stair climbing reduce hips and thighs? Stair climbing is a great way to get in shape. Climbing stairs in this way can lead to excessive pressure in the knees and lower back, which can manifest as pain. Exhale as you squeeze the pillow between your. A narrower stance exercises your outer glutes, whereas a wider stance exercises your inner thighs and glutes. Setting the Tone. Benefit #1: Muscle Tone. Wear Resistance Bands While Climbing Stairs. Does climbing stairs increase hips? Stair climbing works the thigh muscles by lifting the legs against the body weight. The pain usually occurs while you are walking or climbing stairs and stops when you rest. Try to take each step with the toes up, weight on the balls of the foot, pushing through the leg. 2 Time-Consuming. 5 to 5 calories per flight of stairs. Tightness in the adductors, or muscles on the inner thigh, can contribute to hip pain. This also means it can be a great option for those who. 700-800 calories per hour. Using your hand, gently push your knee downward. Climbing stairs is one of the best exercises when it comes to pure FAT BURN, strengthening the lower body, toning the butt, thighs, calves, losing inches from those love handles and belly and building great abs. Lie on your back and bend both knees while keeping your feet flat on the floor. A 30 minute workout on a stair climber can burn up to 260 calories. Next steps. It decompresses your spine, tones and strengthens your arms, opens the arches of your feet, sculpts and lengthens your thighs, and is an amazing shoulder-opener. How long does it take to see results from stair stepper? If you combine stair climbing with a healthy diet, you can see some weight loss within two to four weeks. It also targets all of the trouble spots on your body, including your legs. Standing Ball Squeeze. Severe pain, spasms, bruising and swelling. Compare that with running at 5 mph, where the same person would burn about 606 calories, or walking briskly, which uses 314 calories. 5 to 5 calories per flight of stairs. 6. 1. According to the researchers, climbing stairs for 11 minutes a day produces benefits that are equivalent to walking for 36 minutes a day over 24 weeks. Difficulty with climbing stairs or walking up or down sloped surfaces. Hip thrust. 9. It happens when the bursa that cushions the greater trochanter part of your femur is swollen. Here are the 10 most important things you need to know. 2. 2. Short, crisp, and effective—climbing stairs is a science-backed way to lose weight. Their main function is to move the hips and thighs, so climbing stairs is a task that relies heavily on strong glutes. Stand with feet shoulder-width apart and toes pointing forward. Does climbing stairs reduce breast size? If you want to reduce the size of the breast, climbing stairs is a good way to do it. Place your foot flat on the surface of the stair when stepping up, with the weight on the inner side of your foot and your big toe. Muscle thickness, strength, and walking performance were evaluated before and 8 and 17 weeks after the start of the program. With attached belts holding legs, abductor muscles strength was measured. 17 calories to 0. the stair stepper can strengthen joints and reduce joint pain, whereas treadmills put stress on them. As you launch into the deadpoint from the bottom of your sag, create maximal force by pushing with the legs and extending the hips back into the wall, in the desired direction of travel. Make sure to warm up before starting a workout by stretching your muscles first. Stair climbing is a vertical activity in which you use your full body to push up a staircase. person can burn up to 986 calories, significantly more calories than from jogging or using a stair climber. 02 /7 Calories burned. This is especially important as you get older, because natural bone loss tends to increase as you age. Time 1 Min. Here are a few exercises that can help tone your hips: 1. Do this for one minute. Second, it is important to use the railing to support the body when climbing stairs. It Burns Calories. 2. Difficulty getting out of a chair or coming up from a squat. To burn more belly fat using a step climber, avoid leaning in or drooping over the Stairmaster. There are several types of myositis. 100 floors on stairmaster. 550-650 calories per hour. Does stair climbing reduce hips and thighs? Stair climbing is great for toning and sculpting your lower body. Regulates Blood Pressure: Climbing stairs helps unclog the arteries. The body will become stronger when excess fat around the breast is. The objective observation of stair climbing utilized in many quasi-experimental designs e. Stair climbing shows a compensatory pattern of augmented pelvic axial rotation and augmented peak forward tilt to reduce painful hip motions, namely internal rotation and extension. Not Warming Up Before Exercising. When combined with proper diet, step climbing reduces excess body fat and body weight, resulting in thinner thighs. 3. When you walk up the stairs, your hips, knees, and ankles have to engage. Please note that these values are approximate and can vary based on factors such as body weight, intensity, and individual fitness level. A person who weighs 165 pounds could burn 675 calories for every hour of high-intensity stair climbing. Stair climbing is great for toning and sculpting your lower body. How to Safely Climb Stairs. 2. Injections aren’t for everyone. Considering this, we measured the muscle activity for stance and swing phase for seven sec during stair ascending on usually used stairs (width: 150 cm; length: 25 cm; height: 12 cm), and the data for five sec, except the first and last seconds, were used for. Stand with your feet between hip- and shoulder-width apart and your toes facing forward or outward slightly. reducing sugar, including sugar from sweetened drinks. If he increases his pace and jogs at 5. Your ability to climb a flight of stairs is one of the great markers of health. If you are climbing slowly then you will burn less calories, while if you are climbing fast then you will burn calories faster. The objective can be achieved even by performing simple tasks like climbing stairs. In addition to increasing upper-leg strength and improving thigh-muscle tone, stair steppers work a variety of other muscles. reverse leg lift. et al. 15 minutes of stair climbing equates 45 minutes of brisk walking. Stair-climbing exercises engage more muscles than walking, jogging or running on flat terrain, Hunt says. Hip arthritis can make it hard to do many everyday activities, such as walking or climbing stairs. eating plenty of plant-based foods. If you can’t lower your body to the stairs, use the next higher step. 4. Another cause is. A runner works on stair climbing exercises. The amount of calories you will burn depends on the intensity of the workout and timing. Hip Power II was held between the knees to measure adductor muscles strength. 6. “But they won’t be effective if you keep doing the work or activity. Does stair climbing reduce hips and thighs? Stair climbing is a great way to get in shape. . If handrails are unavailable, a cane or crutch is an excellent substitute. Place a ball or rolled-up towel between your legs, just above the knees. Stair climbers are easy to use for beginners and seasoned exercisers alike. When combined with proper diet, step climbing reduces excess body fat and body weight, resulting in thinner thighs. It helps break down the accumulated fat in the hip, eliminates body toxins, and prevents water retention. Squats. Step climbing, whether climbing stairs or training on a stair climbing machine, is a high-intensity exercise that has a low-impact effect on lower body joints. Climbing stairs is an effective and low-cost therapy option for people who have chronic low back pain as long as they avoid bending forward and any seated or lying exercises requiring them to lift both legs off the ground at the same time. Do squats. Place a pillow between your thighs. On the contrary, active hip flexion in decubitus elicits a compensatory, more pronounced back tilt to facilitate hip flexion without impingement. Temporarily after using the machine your thighs may appear bigger due to the “pump” which is simply oxygenated blood being transported to the thighs. Walk or run: 2 steps at a time. walking up flights of stairs. In addition to increasing upper-leg strength and improving thigh-muscle tone, stair steppers work a variety of other muscles. Focus on your inner and outer thighs with lateral lunges and band leg side raises; and hit your hamstrings with. Stair stepper machines also provide an effective way of strengthening and toning the lower body, whilst also helping to burn calories, shed belly fat, and. Who should avoid climbing stairs? Does stair climbing reduce hips and thighs? How many floors a day is good?. Muscles are worked during hip adduction and hip abduction, the actions of moving your. Climbing stairs is one of the best exercises when it comes to pure FAT BURN, strengthening the lower body, toning the butt, thighs, calves, losing inches from those love handles and belly and building great abs. A person can. Does stair climbing reduce hips and thighs? Stair climbing can be used to sculpt your lower body.